CSUN On Point

The news is important to a lot of us. It doesn’t matter if it’s a hard hitting piece about the Russia investigation, or the latest on a basketball player’s injury. People want reliable and current information.

“Journalism is fundamental to democracy,” freelance journalist Darlene Principe said. “I don’t think democracy can be successful without good journalism.”

But increasingly, newspapers are owned by chains not connected to the community of readers. For example, the company Digital First Media owns daily newspapers in 28 cities, along with weeklies in 48 cities, and many say this is not a positive development.

“I think, generally, the idea is that it’s a good thing for a local paper to be owned locally,” Los Angeles Times Reporter Tre’vell Anderson said.

“It’s small, local, community-type newspapers that are really ensuring that local governments aren’t corrupt,” Principe said.

“Families, parents and grandparents love to get the local newspaper,” former newspaper publisher and reporter Matt Thacker said. “You can see your kids and your grandkids [in the local newspaper], and there’s that whole community experience.”

“When you have newspapers that are owned by Wall Street bankers who have no connection to the places where the papers are located, it’s less likely that you’ll have quality journalism,” retired journalism professor Richard Hendrickson said.

Another issue facing newspapers is the availability of free information online. Some newspapers have been able to move their content online successfully, but others have not.

“Too many newspapers shy away from going online because it costs money,” CSUN Journalism Professor Benjamin Davis said. “They haven’t figured out how to make enough money to pay their reporters and to cover other costs that they have.”

According to the Pew Research Center, digital newspaper subscriptions at some major newspapers went up following the 2016 presidential election. For example The New York Times added half a million subscriptions in 2016.

But not all readers like online newspapers.

“There is some credibility,”  Thacker said, “with having an actual newspaper.”

“There’s something unique about print,” Principe said. “That allows you to cover something in a way that maybe [with] digital, you wouldn’t be able to.”

Another issue facing newspapers is the political divisiveness in the country, and the rise of what some call ‘fake news’. One way that people can combat fake news is to become media literate.

“I think more can be done on the media literacy tip,” Anderson said, “to ensure that, particularly [among] the people who are in the flyover states, who aren’t on the coasts, and who might not absorb as much news as we do on the coasts, that they are able to spot things that just don’t seem right.”

“You just have to be able to identify, or at least try and verify, whether something is credible or not,” Principe said.

Moderator: Son Ly

Producer: Karen Elle

Anchor: Kelcey Henderson

Social Media Editors: James Farr and Savannah Palacio

Reporters: Karen Elle, James Farr, Kelcey Henderson, Son Ly and Savannah Palacio

Fake news has been on the minds of most adults in America, including President Donald Trump, who recently told Fox News’ Lou Dobbs that he coined the now infamous phrase.

Its existence raises the question, how can people fight it?

Experts say media literacy is the most effective way to combat fake news, and becoming media literate will help everyone, including students, understand the differences between real and fake news. The National Association for Media Literacy Education recently held its third annual Media Literacy Week to raise awareness about the issue.

According to a recent Pew Research Study “nearly two-thirds of U.S. adults (64 percent) say fabricated news stories cause a great deal of confusion about the basic facts of current issues and events. About a third of U.S. adults (32 percent) say they often see made-up political news online, while 39 percent sometimes see such stories, and 26 percent hardly ever or never do.”

Pew Research Center also reports a ten percent increase since 2016 in social media use for people over 50 years old. And the study also saw a ten percent increase in nonwhite social media users. In addition, 45 percent of all Facebook users say they rely solely on the site to deliver their news.

“I think it is less about the mobile devices themselves, and more about how they have changed our culture,” CSUN Communications Studies graduate student Anya Crittention said. “Also, I think [the controversy over fake news] is damaging to journalism itself. While people are now ready to believe fake news, there’s also this increasing cynicism and distrust of the media. And, I think that is also dangerous since the media inherently is meant to be for the people and if we turn our back on them, that’s also dangerous.”

Media historians say social media outlets have allowed for an emergence of more voices, and that makes the news more democratic. And now the news cycle has become 24/7 due to the emergence of digital media technology, and that makes news and information more accessible to more people.

“I think there’s been fake news around for a long time,” CSUN Cinema and Television Arts Professor Anna Marie Piersimoni said. “We just have more of it because we have more of everything, and more voices doing that, but from the early days of yellow journalism, [from] the building of the Hearst Empire to the building of the Murdoch empire, there’s been fake journalism.”

Piersimoni said sensational ‘clickbait’ headlines cause people to jump from one article to the next without taking the time to evaluate the story. And since people are not reading the full story, they are relying only on their own beliefs, and not using the critical and analytical tools of media literacy. These strongly held beliefs and biases create filter bubbles, and limit the amount of information people are exposed to, or willing to read.

“I think that the awareness of your own biases is the only way that you can start to pierce the bubble,”  CSUN Department Chair of Political Science Dr. David Leitch said. “If you don’t know what your preferences are, and if they’re sort of unexamined, unaware, unconsciousness, then you don’t have any strategies for confronting them. And I’ll be an advocate: I will say it’s good to confront your biases, not just because it is healthy and democratic, because it is fun.”

Media literacy experts say it’s important for students to read opinions written by sources they don’t necessarily agree with, and to be exposed to more viewpoints, even if they have to look hard to find them.

“The best thing, I tell my students, is to not only follow the money, but to follow the breadcrumbs,” Piersimoni said. “Especially if you go to Wikipedia. Down at the bottom of the page, check all the little footnotes, and double check, and then cross-reference. It is the best thing that you can do. And then see if you can find the opposite view of what you’re looking at.”

Moderator: Minerva Medrano

Producers: Diego Girgado and Tyler Jones

Anchor: Morgan Ball

Social Media Editors: Joselynn Castro and Shannon Ozburn

Reporters: Morgan Ball, Joselynn Castro, Diego Girgado, Tyler Jones, Minerva Medrano and Shannon Ozburn